This four-part series by Eamonn Ryan explores how Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) systems are transforming HVAC design amid the global shift to low-GWP refrigerants and stricter energy standards. Drawing insights from ASHRAE experts featured in the ASHRAE Journal Podcast #52: ‘VRF Systems in an A2L World’, the series examines how innovation, safety standards, and international collaboration are shaping the future of climate control in commercial and residential buildings. This is part three.
Regulatory frameworks in North America differ from those in Europe, where manufacturers have historically taken a more direct role in shaping refrigerant safety and application standards. In the US, nationally recognised testing laboratories like UL, ETL and CSA play a central role in evaluating products, while ASHRAE collaborates with stakeholders to produce practical application standards. This difference explains why certain refrigerants, such as propane and CO₂, which have seen early adoption in European VRF applications, are unlikely to be widely deployed in North America for another decade or more. Scott McGinnis, P.E., a veteran engineer and ASHRAE committee participant projected that A2L refrigerants like R-32 would remain the dominant choice in the US and Canada for at least 10 to 15 years, citing both the regulatory environment and the significant investments manufacturers have already made in adopting these substances.
The practical implications for engineers and designers are considerable. Whereas VRF layouts previously had to assume worst-case scenarios for refrigerant leaks – designing entire spaces to absorb up to 62kg of refrigerant – new safety mechanisms allow systems to respond dynamically to leaks, isolating just a few kilograms where necessary. This not only enhances safety but also reduces downtime and maintenance complexity, benefiting building owners and operators.
Beyond technical standards, ASHRAE provides a platform for industry professionals to actively contribute to the evolution of VRF technology. Both McGinnis and panelist Christopher William described how participation in technical committees and local chapters opens opportunities to influence guidelines, share insights and engage with global experts. Whether as an engineer, contractor, building owner or developer, ASHRAE encourages involvement from all stakeholders. Active engagement can start locally, with attendance at chapter meetings, progressing to national committees such as TC 8.7 for VRF systems, and even contributing to publications like SGPC 41.
The collaborative nature of ASHRAE ensures that even competitors can work together toward common objectives, whether refining standards, enhancing system reliability or advancing sustainability. The guideline SGPC 41, for example, was developed with input from owners, installers and manufacturers, reflecting a comprehensive approach that balances safety, efficiency and practicality. Participation also provides networking opportunities and professional development, helping individuals grow within the HVAC industry while shaping its future.