This four-part series by Eamonn Ryan explores how Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) systems are transforming HVAC design amid the global shift to low-GWP refrigerants and stricter energy standards. Drawing insights from ASHRAE experts featured in the ASHRAE Journal Podcast #52: ‘VRF Systems in an A2L World’, the series examines how innovation, safety standards, and international collaboration are shaping the future of climate control in commercial and residential buildings. This is part four.
Looking ahead, the VRF landscape is expected to continue evolving alongside refrigerant technology. While Europe is experimenting with CO₂ and propane systems, North American adoption of such refrigerants is projected to be a long-term process, given the need for rigorous safety standards and regulatory alignment. For now, A2L refrigerants like R-32 represent the balance between environmental responsibility, operational safety and design flexibility. The combination of advanced system design, proactive leak management and globally informed standards positions VRF systems to remain a reliable and efficient choice for commercial and multi-zone residential applications.
Despite the technical and regulatory changes, the panellists agreed that the transition to A2L refrigerants will ultimately normalise. As McGinnis remarked, once engineers and owners become familiar with the new systems, business will return to routine operation. “In a year, no one is going to care,” he said, noting that VRF systems will continue to deliver efficient, safe and reliable climate control, regardless of the refrigerant inside. Drawing an analogy to the Y2K phenomenon, the panel highlighted that although significant effort and investment were required to mitigate perceived risks, the day-to-day benefits will soon become second nature, making the transition seamless for building operators and owners.
VRF systems, with their flexibility, energy efficiency and simultaneous cooling and heating capabilities, are therefore poised to play an increasingly central role in North American HVAC strategy. The careful work of standards committees, manufacturers and ASHRAE volunteers ensures that these systems meet the highest benchmarks of safety and performance, even as the industry adapts to the next generation of environmentally responsible refrigerants. Participation in these committees remains open to all industry professionals, offering a pathway for anyone interested in shaping the future of building climate control.
For engineers, contractors and building owners looking to stay ahead, the message is clear: VRF systems are not only adaptable today but are being actively refined to be safer, easier to operate and environmentally sustainable for the years ahead. With established guidelines, international collaboration, and emerging technologies in refrigerant management, VRF is set to remain a transformative choice in commercial and multi-zone HVAC design.